Han, also known as the Chinese family is the main part of the Chinese nation, for the ancient tribes and culture, descendants of the tribe or Chinese people. The han nationality or a in history has never been interrupted, long, also is the world's most populous nation.
According to the pre-qin literature records and xia, shang and Zhou Li scope, the ancient ancestors of the han nationality can be generally up long mountain, mount tai in the east and west of Huang Hezhong, downstream for activity area; Are mainly distributed in the area of yangshao culture and longshan culture of these two types of neolithic culture, as the pioneers of the han Chinese ancient cultural relics. The two civilization as the representative of the circle of Chinese civilization.
For the ancestors of the han emperor and yan emperor in the central plains tribe alliance leader and an outbreak of e. springs, yan emperor tribes, incorporated into the huangdi tribe, yanhuang alliance into shape. Later, they defeated here in integration involved problems.the zhuolu war nine li group leader human-god, expand the coalition forces to today's shandong province. And then to yan tribes and huangdi tribe as the main body, and formed a larger part of shandong province here tribe of huaxia tribal alliance, huaxia basic fixed source. Before the 2100-2100 BC in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River descendants of the yellow emperor group has established the xia dynasty, shang dynasty and zhou dynasty.
In 221, before the qin dynasty unified China, huaxia clan from division to unity again. Han the pre-qin period claimed to China, from the beginning of the han dynasty and gradually appear "han" claim. Therefore, huaxia clan has another name: han. But the original title "huaxia" did not disappear, but with the name "han" used together ever since.
According to genetic research compare migration history record of fudan university, the expansion of the han nationality is mainly from north to south in the history of the mobile population. Before the jin han are mainly distributed in the north, and later due to factors such as always fine the disorderly moves southward migration, migrating south han and gene with the han nationality and language different aboriginal mixed in southern China. From north to south in the history of this mass movement has also changed the civil population distribution density.
漢族又名華夏族，是中國(guó)的主體民族，為上古時(shí)期黃帝部落和炎帝部落的后裔，即炎黃子孫。漢族還是一個(gè)在歷史上從未中斷過(guò)的、悠久的民族，也是世界上人口最多的民族。
據(jù)先秦文獻(xiàn)的記載與夏、商、周立都范圍，漢族的遠(yuǎn)古先民大體以西起隴山、東至泰山的黃河中、下游為活動(dòng)地區(qū);主要分布在這一地區(qū)的仰韶文化和龍山文化這兩個(gè)類型的新石器文化，為漢族遠(yuǎn)古先民的文化遺存。這兩個(gè)文明為華夏文明圈的代表。
漢族的祖先黃帝和炎帝在中原為爭(zhēng)奪部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)而爆發(fā)了阪泉之戰(zhàn)，炎帝部落戰(zhàn)敗，并入黃帝部落，炎黃聯(lián)盟初具雛形。后來(lái)他們?cè)阡寐怪畱?zhàn)中打敗了東夷集團(tuán)的九黎族首領(lǐng)蚩尤，把聯(lián)盟勢(shì)力擴(kuò)大至今日的山東境內(nèi)。后又以炎帝部落和黃帝部落為主體，與山東境內(nèi)的部分東夷部落組成了更龐大的華夏部落聯(lián)盟，華夏族源基本固定。公元前2100～前770年黃河中下游黃帝集團(tuán)的后裔先后建立了夏朝、商朝、周朝。
前221年，秦統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，華夏族又從分裂走向統(tǒng)一。漢族先秦時(shí)期自稱華夏，從漢朝開(kāi)始又逐漸出現(xiàn)“漢”的自稱。因此，華夏族有了另一個(gè)名字：漢。但原先的稱謂“華夏”并沒(méi)有消失，而是與“漢”這個(gè)稱謂一起使用至今。
根據(jù)復(fù)旦大學(xué)的基因研究對(duì)照歷史遷移記錄，漢民族的擴(kuò)張主因是歷史上的由北往南的人口移動(dòng)。在晉朝以前漢族主要分布于中國(guó)北方，隨后因永嘉之亂等因素大舉向南遷徙，南遷漢族則和與漢族基因及語(yǔ)言相異的中國(guó)南方原住民混居。這歷史上由北往南的大規(guī)模移動(dòng)也改變了南北人口分布密度。
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