代詞語法的講解

2021-08-18 詞語

　　（一）代詞概述

　　代詞用來代替名詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，有時(shí)還可以充當(dāng)定語。代詞在考試命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it的用法等。

　　（二）基本知識(shí)梳理

　　1. 人稱代詞：主格作主語，賓格用作及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語。

　　He often helps me.

　　Who is at the door? It's me.

　　The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.

　　出現(xiàn)并列主語或賓語時(shí)，其排列順序?yàn)椋簡螖?shù)時(shí)是第二、第三、第一人稱（簡稱231）即you，he and I或you，her and me；復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)是第一、第二、第三人稱（簡稱123）即we，you and they或us，you and them。

　　2. 物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞作定語，后加名詞；而名詞性物主代詞等于形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.

　　名詞性物主代詞可做主語、賓語和表語。如：

　　Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.

　　May I use your pen? I've lost mine.

　　She is a classmate of his.

　　The bike is hers.

　　3. 反身代詞：用作賓語和起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

　　1）作賓語

　　Help yourself to some cakes.

　　I can look at myself in the mirror.

　　They should think more of the public health than themselves.

　　2）作強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　We do homework by ourselves.

　　I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.

　　4. 指示代詞

　　1）this，that，these，those

　　What's this(that)? It's a book.

　　What are these(those)? They are books.

　　this和these比較靠近，that和those稍遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。

　　2）it的用法

　　（1）指物：It's a robot.

　�。�2）指自然現(xiàn)象： It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.

　�。�3）指時(shí)間：What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.

　�。�4）指距離：It's twenty minutes' walk.

　�。�5）作形式主語：It's important for us to fight pollution.

　　It took me half an hour to finish the work.

　　It's kind of you to say so.

　�。�6）作形式賓語： We think it necessary to relax from time to time.

　　5. 不定代詞

　　1）some，any

　　some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑問句中。如：

　　There are some pens on the desk.

　　There aren't any pens on the desk.

　　Are there any pens on the desk?

　　Some are Chinese. Others are English.

　　在表示請(qǐng)求、建議、反問等句子中，用some而不是用any。如：

　　Would you like some drink?

　　any也可以表示任何一個(gè)。如：

　　Do you know any of her friends?

　　If you have any questions, you can ask me.

　　2）復(fù)合不定代詞：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數(shù)，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。

　　（1）作主語：

　　Someone is waiting for you.

　　No one is in the classroom.

　�。�2）作賓語：

　　Have you got anything to say?

　　Did you see anything else in the classroom?

　　（3）不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，定語放在它們的后面。如：

　　I’ve got something interesting to tell you.

　　There's nothing new in the newspaper.

　　3）a few，few，a little，little前兩者修飾可數(shù)名詞，后兩者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，意思是幾乎沒有；a few，a little表示肯定，意思是還有幾個(gè)、有一點(diǎn)。如：

　　There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.

　　I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

　　4）both（兩者都，復(fù)數(shù)），all（三者以上都，復(fù)數(shù)），neither（兩者都不，單數(shù)），none（三者以上都不，單復(fù)數(shù)），either（兩者中的一個(gè)，單數(shù)），both...and， neither...nor， either...or

　�。�1）作主語：

　　Both of the twins are doctors.

　　All of them are honest.

　　Neither of them is a doctor.

　　None of them is/are honest.

　　（2）詞組：

　　Both Li Ping and I are students.

　　Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.

　　（3）作形容詞：

　　on both sides of the river

　　on either side of the river

　　注意下面句子轉(zhuǎn)化：