實用語法總結(jié)之狀語從句
狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等八種。
一、時間狀語從句
引導詞有after,before,as,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as,the moment/minute…（一…就）,the time,the day,every time,next time,each time,by the time of,no sooner…than（一…就）,hardly…when（一…就）。例如：
Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.
每次他來這兒他都順便看我。
He was ill last time I saw him.上次我見到他時他病了。
No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一聽到這個消息就哭了.
【辨析】when與while
when引導的從句動詞可以是延續(xù)性的或短暫性的，while引導的從句中動詞必須是延續(xù)性的；在"be…when…”句式中when表"at that time（就在這時）"意，這樣用的when不能換為while;while有時并不表示時間，而表示對比，意“而”、“卻”，when無這樣的用法。例如：When I got home I found the door locked./While（或When）we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.
【辨析】till與until
一般情況下可以互換，但until可以位于句首，till則不能。例如：
Until it stops raining，the children can?t go out.雨停了，孩子們才能出去.
=Not until the rain stops can the children go out.
二、地點狀語從句
引導詞有where，wherever.例如：
I?ll go wherever the people want me to go.(wherever=to any place where)
He works where his grandfather fought.(where=in the place where)
Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where=In the place where)
三、原因狀語從句
引導詞有because,since,as,now(that)（既然）
回答以why提出的問題時，只能用because,而不能用as等。
since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明顯的原因，由此加以推論。例如：
Now that/Since you are free today,you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.
for 是一個并列連詞，用來連接兩個并列句，引導的句子是對前面一句話的內(nèi)容的推測或補充說明。例如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet./The day has broken,for the birds are singing.（這兩句中的for都不可換為because或as,since等。）
四、目的狀語
引導詞有so that,in order that,that ,incase（免得，以防）。目的狀語從句謂語常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情態(tài)動詞。例如：
He ran as fast as possible in order that he could catch the bus./Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.請明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘記。
五、方式（或比較）狀語從句
引導詞有as,as if,as though,than,as/so…as,the more…the more.例如：
Tom is not so/as tall as John./It looks as if it is going to rain./He runs faster than I.
注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。
六、結(jié)果狀語從句
引導詞有so…that,such…that,so that.例如：
1. He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.
2. It?s such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.
3. There?s not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable.
第3個例句中so that從句不是目的狀語從句，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看沒有can,may等情態(tài)動詞，從意思上看I feel very comfortalbe是There is not any noise的結(jié)果.
七、條件狀語從句
引導詞有if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case（如果）等，從句的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時（含現(xiàn)在完成時），一般過去時（含過去完成時）分別代替一般將來時和過去將來時。例如：
If it rains tomorrow,I won?t go there./He said he would not go back home unless he had achieved a lot./I?ll study so long as. I?m alive./In case he come,let me know.如果他來的話，告訴我一聲。
If 引導的條件句可以是真實性條件句，也可以是非真實性條件句、（用于虛擬語氣）
八、讓步狀語從句
引導詞有though,although,even if,even though,as,whoever,whatever,
however,no matter+what/who/when/…等。例如：
Though/Although he is ill,he still goes to school./She started her experiment,even though she had little money./Whatever you found,you must turn it in./However hard he worked,he hardly made any progress.
as 作“盡管”意時，一般將其句中的表語放在句首，例如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.=Although he is young,he knows a lot.若表語為名詞，冠詞要省略，例如：
Child as/though he is,he has remembered a lot of English words.（此句中though不可換為although）
although或though不能與but同時出現(xiàn)在一個復合句中，但是"Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式卻是正確的。例如：
Although it is raining heavily,yet they are repairing the bridge.
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